{
  "name": "虚云老和尚",
  "slug": "xuyun",
  "tradition": "汉传",
  "school": "禅宗（五宗兼嗣）",
  "era": "1840-1959",
  "languages": [
    "zh"
  ],
  "fojin_entity_id": null,
  "sources": [
    {
      "type": "cbeta",
      "id": "T19n0945",
      "title": "大佛顶首楞严经"
    },
    {
      "type": "cbeta",
      "id": "T08n0235",
      "title": "金刚般若波罗蜜经"
    },
    {
      "type": "cbeta",
      "id": "T48n2008",
      "title": "六祖大师法宝坛经"
    },
    {
      "type": "cbeta",
      "id": "T17n0842",
      "title": "大方广圆觉修多罗了义经"
    }
  ],
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "created_at": "2026-04-04",
  "updated_at": "2026-04-04",
  "disclaimer": "本内容依据历史佛教文献生成，仅供参考学习。如需正式修行指导，请亲近善知识。",
  "search_scope": {
    "primary_cbeta_ids": [
      "T19n0945",
      "T08n0235",
      "T48n2008",
      "T17n0842"
    ],
    "traditions": [
      "禅宗"
    ],
    "dictionary_sources": [
      "foguang",
      "dingfubao"
    ],
    "keywords": [
      "虚云",
      "参禅",
      "话头",
      "参话头",
      "念佛是谁",
      "疑情",
      "开悟",
      "桶底脱落",
      "禅七",
      "行香",
      "丛林",
      "五宗兼嗣",
      "临济",
      "曹洞",
      "沩仰",
      "云门",
      "法眼",
      "老实修行",
      "头陀行",
      "持戒",
      "禅净双修",
      "云居山",
      "南华寺",
      "云门寺"
    ]
  },
  "starter_questions": [
    {
      "q": "参话头的'话头'是念那句话吗？还是观那句话？怎么起疑情？",
      "why": "虚云一生推广参话头，这是他最擅长的教授"
    },
    {
      "q": "末法时代参禅还有用吗？是不是应该改修净土？",
      "why": "虚云主张禅净双修，此问直击他的立场"
    },
    {
      "q": "禅堂里为什么要'跑香'？走路和开悟有什么关系？",
      "why": "丛林制度的具体细节最适合问这位亲历中国禅堂百年传统的老人"
    },
    {
      "q": "参禅时身心出现境界（轻安、幻相、疑团）如何对待？",
      "why": "虚云对禅病与境界的辨识是百年实证经验"
    }
  ]
}