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xianren
9b2039e12a
Second cross-tradition expansion. v0.4 introduced Milarepa + Ajahn
Chah; this release adds the major foundational figures of each
non-Chinese tradition that were missing.
藏传 (Tibetan): now 3 — Atiśa, Tsongkhapa, Milarepa
南传 (Theravāda): now 3 — Buddhaghosa, Mahasi Sayadaw, Ajahn Chah
汉传 (Chinese): unchanged at 8
New masters
-----------
* prebuilt/atisha/ — Atiśa Dīpaṃkara (982-1054). 噶当派 founder,
Indo-Tibetan bridge. Sources: Toh 4465 Bodhipathapradīpa + Toh
3948 self-commentary + 噶当口耳传承 Pha chos / Bu chos. Coverage:
three scopes, bodhicitta (七因果 + 自他相换 from Suvarṇadvīpa
Dharmakīrti), 戒律严持, 噶当六论, 依止善知识. HARD-GATE:
NO_ESOTERIC_INSTRUCTION + NO_ANACHRONISTIC_ATTRIBUTION (don't
project later Gelug analytical Madhyamaka onto Atiśa's era).
* prebuilt/tsongkhapa/ — Tsongkhapa Lobsang Drakpa (1357-1419).
Gelug founder, basis of Dalai Lama / Panchen Lama lineages.
Sources: 宗喀巴全集 gsung 'bum (BDRC searchable) — Lam rim chen
mo, sNgags rim chen mo, Drang nges legs bshad snying po, 入中论
善显密意疏, 三主要道. Coverage: 三主要道 (出离心 / 菩提心 / 清净
见), lamrim, 应成中观, 三聚戒, 闻思修, 五部大论. HARD-GATE:
NO_ESOTERIC_INSTRUCTION + NO_CROSS_SCHOOL_CONTAMINATION (don't
blend Dzogchen / Mahāmudrā into Gelug positions) +
NO_UNVERIFIED_BDRC_W_NUMBERS (descriptive guidance instead of
fabricated W-IDs; lessons-learned from v0.4 fixup).
* prebuilt/buddhaghosa/ — Buddhaghosa (5th century). 上座部
commentarial summit. Sources: PTS Vism + four Nikāya aṭṭhakathā
+ Samantapāsādikā (Vinaya) + Atthasālinī (Abhidhamma). Coverage:
戒定慧三学, 四十种业处, 七清净十六观智, 缘起十二支 (three-life-
two-causations interpretation), 阿毗达摩 paramattha vs paññatti,
六义诠释 commentarial method. HARD-GATE:
NO_MAHAYANA_CONTAMINATION + NO_MAHAVIHARA_PRIMACY_OVERSTATEMENT.
* prebuilt/mahasi-sayadaw/ — Mahāsi Sayādaw U Sobhana (1904-1982).
Burmese Vipassanā tradition / Mahasi Method. Sources: Manual of
Insight (Wisdom Publications 2016) + Progress of Insight (BPS
Sri Lanka Wheel No. 280) + Practical Vipassanā Meditation
Exercises (Mahasi Sasana Yeiktha) + SC + PTS Vism. Coverage:
标记法 Noting Method, 腹部起伏 rising-falling primary object,
七清净十六观智 progress, khaṇika-samādhi & vipassanā-jhāna,
'初果可证' ethos, MN 10 Satipaṭṭhāna foundation. HARD-GATE:
NO_FABRICATED_QUOTES + **NO_ATTAINMENT_JUDGMENT** (the strictest
guardrail in this release — Mahasi's stages-of-insight framework
is famous for inducing self-attainment delusions; AI is forbidden
from confirming any individual's observed jhāna stage / fruition).
Each master ships the standard v0.3 progressive-disclosure shape:
SKILL.md (decision tree + HARD-GATE + Quick Reference) + meta.json +
references/{voice,teaching}.md + sources/INDEX.md + ≥1 excerpts file
+ tests/fidelity.jsonl with 12-13 cases each.
ETHICS updates
--------------
* Tier A grows from 9 → 12: Atiśa (>970yr), Tsongkhapa (>600yr),
Buddhaghosa (>1500yr) all join based on age + open-canon sourcing.
* Tier B 特例 grows from 1 → 2: Mahasi Sayadaw codified under same
Forest-Sangha-style rationale as Ajahn Chah, with explicit
NO_ATTAINMENT_JUDGMENT addendum specific to his lineage's risks.
* Sectarian-judgment policy explicit extension: covers Theravāda
intra-tradition meditation lineages (Mahasi vs Pa-Auk vs Goenka
vs Thai Forest) — no superiority claims permitted.
compare-masters meta-skill
--------------------------
prebuilt/compare/SKILL.md updated:
* 可用祖师 table now lists all 15 masters by tradition.
* Topic mapping fallback table extended with rows pairing the new
masters: 中观 (kumarajiva + tsongkhapa), 道次第 (atisha +
tsongkhapa), 心识 (xuanzang + buddhaghosa + huineng), 戒律
(xuyun + atisha + buddhaghosa), 禅修方法 (buddhaghosa + mahasi
+ ajahn-chah), 七清净 (buddhaghosa + mahasi), 论师风格 (xuanzang
+ tsongkhapa + buddhaghosa), 三大传统对比 (huineng + tsongkhapa
+ buddhaghosa).
* New cross-tradition guardrails: don't blend traditions (don't
project Gelug positions onto Atiśa's era; don't put Mahāmudrā
into Gelug; don't put Tathāgatagarbha into Theravāda).
Surface bumps
-------------
* All 4 plugin manifests + package.json + gemini-extension.json
bumped 0.4.0 → 0.5.0 with description updated to "15 prebuilt
masters".
* SKILL.md (project-level) preset list expanded to 8/3/3.
* README.md + README_EN.md: situational guidance table extended
with cross-tradition rows for the 4 new entries; new master cards
added with provenance notes; v0.5 release banner appended above
v0.4 banner.
Validation
----------
* python scripts/validate.py --strict → ✅ 15 masters pass
* python scripts/validate-fidelity.py → ✅ all valid
* python scripts/test-fidelity.py --all --dry-run → ✅
* pytest tests/ → ✅ 31 passed, 6 skipped
Notes
-----
* fojin_text_ids=[] for new masters — FoJin DB still hasn't imported
BDRC Tibetan canon nor PTS Vism / SuttaCentral Pali full text;
RAG falls back to the global corpus and each prompt explicitly
notes this.
* The two Tibetan masters intentionally use descriptive BDRC
guidance ("BDRC: 见宗喀巴 gsung 'bum") rather than fabricated
W-numbers, applying lessons learned from the v0.4 fixup where
W29193 was mistakenly assigned to two different works in early
drafts. Toh (Tohoku) numbers are kept where they're well-attested
in 藏学界 (Toh 4465 for Bodhipathapradīpa).
* CompanionPRs in xr843/fojin (#507 + #508) already synchronized
the chat-mode subset of these 6 cross-tradition masters; v0.5 of
this repo brings the Master-skill side to parity.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
207 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
207 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
# 《清净道论》(Visuddhimagga) 选段
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> 来源：PTS edition (1920–1921) by C.A.F. Rhys Davids；巴利原典 SuttaCentral.net；英译参考 Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, *The Path of Purification* (BPS Sri Lanka)。
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> 引用格式：`【《Visuddhimagga》§<I/II/.../XXIII>.<节>】（PTS Vism）`
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> 巴利经引：`【SC: <NIKAYA> <SUTTA-NUMBER> / <Sutta Name>】（SuttaCentral）`
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---
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## §戒定慧三学结构（《Vism》总纲）
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《清净道论》以戒、定、慧三学为骨架组织 23 章：
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**戒品**（§I–II）
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- 第 I 章 戒：四遍清净戒——
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- 别解脱戒（pātimokkhasaṃvara-sīla）：比丘 227 条戒、比丘尼 311 条戒
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- 根律仪戒（indriyasaṃvara-sīla）：守护六根
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- 活命遍净戒（ājīvapārisuddhi-sīla）：清净命
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- 资具依止戒（paccayasannissita-sīla）：四依如法受用
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- 第 II 章 头陀支：13 种 dhutaṅga——
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- 粪扫衣支、三衣支、常乞食支、次第乞食支、一坐食支、一钵食支、时后不食支、阿兰若住支、树下住支、露地住支、冢间住支、随处住支、常坐不卧支
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**定品**（§III–XIII）
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- 业处的选择、近行定与安止定、四十种业处的详释、神通、四无色定
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**慧品**（§XIV–XXIII）
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- 五蕴、十二处、十八界、四谛、缘起、八正道、十六观智、出世智、解脱智见
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**主旨**：戒为定基础，定为慧基础。无戒则定难得，无定则慧难生。三者次第增上。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§I + §III + §XIV】（PTS Vism）+【SC: AN 3.88 / Sikkhā Sutta — 三增上学】（SuttaCentral）
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---
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## §四十种业处（kammaṭṭhāna）
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《清净道论》详释禅修对象 40 种——
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### 十遍 (kasiṇa) — 10
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地、水、火、风、青、黄、赤、白、光明、虚空遍
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### 十不净 (asubha) — 10
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膨胀想、青瘀想、脓烂想、断坏想、食残想、散乱想、斩斫离散想、血涂想、虫聚想、骸骨想
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### 十随念 (anussati) — 10
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佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、舍随念、天随念、死随念、身至念、出入息念、寂止随念
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### 四梵住 (brahmavihāra) — 4
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慈、悲、喜、舍
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### 四无色定 (arūpasamāpatti) — 4
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空无边处、识无边处、无所有处、非想非非想处
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### 食厌想 (āhāre paṭikkūla-saññā) — 1
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### 四界差别 (catudhātuvavatthāna) — 1
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地、水、火、风四大要素
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**根性对应**：
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| 根性 | 宜业处 |
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|------|--------|
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| 贪行人 | 十不净 + 身至念 |
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| 嗔行人 | 四梵住 + 四色遍 |
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| 痴行人 / 寻行人 | 出入息念 |
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| 信行人 | 佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、舍随念、天随念 |
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| 智行人 | 死随念、寂止随念、食厌想、四界差别 |
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| 一切根性皆宜 | 余诸业处（青遍、黄遍、地遍等） |
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**主旨**：业处需契机契理——具格阿阇黎指导下选择契合根性者。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§III §57–59 + §III–XI】（PTS Vism）
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---
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## §出入息念（ānāpānasati）
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属十随念之一，《清净道论》§VIII §145–245 详述其修法。源自《MN 118 / Ānāpānasati Sutta》。
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巴利经典基础——出入息念十六阶段：
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**身念处**（4）
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1. 入息长，知"我入息长"；出息长，知"我出息长"
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2. 入息短，知"我入息短"；出息短，知"我出息短"
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3. 觉知全身入息出息
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4. 平静身行而入息出息
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**受念处**（4）— 5–8
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**心念处**（4）— 9–12
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**法念处**（4）— 13–16（包括观无常、离欲、灭、舍遣）
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**主旨**：以呼吸为锚定，由身、受、心、法念处系统培育止与观。觉音建议**鼻端 / 上唇为观察点**——不强调腹部（这是马哈希尊者的现代变体）。
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⚠️ **本目录仅介绍方法概念框架**，具体修法导引（呼吸观察的细节、出现问题时的应对、入定的指引）必须依止具格禅师面对面学习。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§VIII §145–245】（PTS Vism）+【SC: MN 118 / Ānāpānasati Sutta】（SuttaCentral）
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---
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## §七清净十六观智
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### 七清净（Satta Visuddhi）
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源出 MN 24 / 七车经：
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1. **戒清净**（sīla-visuddhi）— 持戒清净
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2. **心清净**（citta-visuddhi）— 入近行定或安止定
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3. **见清净**（diṭṭhi-visuddhi）— 见名色非我
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4. **度疑清净**（kaṅkhāvitaraṇa-visuddhi）— 见名色之缘起，断疑惑
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5. **道非道智见清净**（maggāmagga-ñāṇadassana-visuddhi）— 区分修行正道与歧路
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6. **行道智见清净**（paṭipadā-ñāṇadassana-visuddhi）— 经九种观智修证
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7. **智见清净**（ñāṇadassana-visuddhi）— 证四果四智
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### 十六观智（属第 5–7 清净）
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1. 名色分别智（nāma-rūpa-pariccheda-ñāṇa）— 第 3 清净
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2. 缘摄受智（paccaya-pariggaha-ñāṇa）— 第 4 清净
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3. 思惟智（sammasana-ñāṇa）— 第 5 清净
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4. 生灭智（udayabbaya-ñāṇa）— 第 6 清净起点
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5. 坏灭智（bhaṅga-ñāṇa）
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6. 怖畏智（bhaya-ñāṇa）
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7. 过患智（ādīnava-ñāṇa）
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8. 厌离智（nibbidā-ñāṇa）
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9. 欲解脱智（muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇa）
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10. 审察智（paṭisaṅkhā-ñāṇa）
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11. 行舍智（saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇa）— 第 6 清净顶峰
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12. 随顺智（anuloma-ñāṇa）
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13. 种姓智（gotrabhū-ñāṇa）— 进入第 7 清净
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14. 道智（magga-ñāṇa）— 证四果之关键
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15. 果智（phala-ñāṇa）
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16. 省察智（paccavekkhaṇa-ñāṇa）
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**主旨**：慧学次第由名色分别智 → 缘摄受智 → ... → 道智、果智，是禅修者的精确进度图。但**禅修者不可自行印证位阶**——须由具格禅师面对面访谈鉴定。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§XVIII–XXII】+【SC: MN 24 / Rathavinīta Sutta】（SuttaCentral）
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⚠️ **本平台 AI 不得对个体作观智阶位判定**——印证须由具格禅师面对面访谈鉴定。
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---
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## §缘起十二支详释
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觉音以阿毗达摩义理释《SN 12.2 缘起经》：
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**十二支**：
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无明 (avijjā) → 行 (saṅkhārā) → 识 (viññāṇa) → 名色 (nāma-rūpa) → 六处 (saḷāyatana) → 触 (phassa) → 受 (vedanā) → 爱 (taṇhā) → 取 (upādāna) → 有 (bhava) → 生 (jāti) → 老死 (jarā-maraṇa)
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**三世两重因果**：
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- 过去因（无明、行）→ 现在果（识、名色、六处、触、受）
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- 现在因（爱、取、有）→ 未来果（生、老死）
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**主旨**：缘起非"宇宙本体论"，而是众生流转之因果分析。无明灭则行灭，行灭则识灭，乃至老死灭——此即涅槃之路。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§XVII 慧地分别品·缘起章】+【SC: SN 12.2 / Vibhaṅga Sutta】（SuttaCentral）
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---
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## §阿毗达摩义理整合
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《清净道论》§XIV–XVII 将《阿毗达摩藏》七论的繁复义理摄入慧品：
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**四种究竟法 (paramattha-dhamma)**：
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| 范畴 | 数 | 简要 |
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|------|---|------|
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| 心 (citta) | 89 / 121 种 | 善、不善、无记心；欲界、色界、无色界、出世间心 |
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| 心所 (cetasika) | 52 种 | 与心相应的心理因素：触、受、想、思、寻、伺、信、念、慧等 |
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| 色 (rūpa) | 28 种 | 物质要素：四大种 + 24 所造色 |
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| 涅槃 (nibbāna) | 1 种 | 无为法、苦的彻底寂灭 |
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**究竟法 (paramattha) vs 概念法 (paññatti)**：
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- **概念法**：假名安立的存在（如车、人、男女、众生、我）
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- **究竟法**：实际存在的法（心、心所、色、涅槃）
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**主旨**：禅修中的内观就是从概念法层"解构"到究竟法层——不再见"我"，而见"五蕴生灭"。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§XIV–XVII】+【《Atthasālinī》（《法集论》注释）】
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---
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## §戒之利益（《Vism》§I 戒品开篇）
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巴利教法对戒之描述：
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**主旨**：戒是趣向善人之径路；戒是趣向恶趣之闭塞门；戒是众生之首饰；戒是涅槃之阶梯；戒是世人之炽然功德；戒是断恶不善之乘。
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戒之具体功能：
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- 能令心安定（基础）
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- 能令禅定坚固
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- 能令观智明利
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- 能令烦恼不生
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主旨：**戒不是束缚，是平静心的物质条件**。一个常说妄语的人，他的心永远在算计中，无法平静；持戒者的觉知不被打断。
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> 出处：【《Visuddhimagga》§I 戒品】（PTS Vism）
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---
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## ⚠️ 引用警示
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- 本目录所收录皆为《清净道论》主旨摘要，非巴利原文逐字翻译
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- 引用时应注明"主旨"或具体章节（《Vism》共 23 章，章号用罗马数字 I–XXIII）
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- 凡引"觉音云"必须能在 PTS Vism 或四尼柯耶注释追溯具体章节
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- **不可将其他南传论师的话归于觉音**（Buddhadatta、Dhammapāla、Anuruddha 等）
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- **不可代笔虚构觉音对话**——可叙述论师风格，不可生成假对话
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- 深入研究请查阅 PTS Vism 原文（SuttaCentral 亦有部分覆盖）、Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli 英译、叶均居士汉译
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