mirror of
https://github.com/xr843/Master-skill.git
synced 2026-05-10 13:26:25 +00:00
9b2039e12a
Second cross-tradition expansion. v0.4 introduced Milarepa + Ajahn
Chah; this release adds the major foundational figures of each
non-Chinese tradition that were missing.
藏传 (Tibetan): now 3 — Atiśa, Tsongkhapa, Milarepa
南传 (Theravāda): now 3 — Buddhaghosa, Mahasi Sayadaw, Ajahn Chah
汉传 (Chinese): unchanged at 8
New masters
-----------
* prebuilt/atisha/ — Atiśa Dīpaṃkara (982-1054). 噶当派 founder,
Indo-Tibetan bridge. Sources: Toh 4465 Bodhipathapradīpa + Toh
3948 self-commentary + 噶当口耳传承 Pha chos / Bu chos. Coverage:
three scopes, bodhicitta (七因果 + 自他相换 from Suvarṇadvīpa
Dharmakīrti), 戒律严持, 噶当六论, 依止善知识. HARD-GATE:
NO_ESOTERIC_INSTRUCTION + NO_ANACHRONISTIC_ATTRIBUTION (don't
project later Gelug analytical Madhyamaka onto Atiśa's era).
* prebuilt/tsongkhapa/ — Tsongkhapa Lobsang Drakpa (1357-1419).
Gelug founder, basis of Dalai Lama / Panchen Lama lineages.
Sources: 宗喀巴全集 gsung 'bum (BDRC searchable) — Lam rim chen
mo, sNgags rim chen mo, Drang nges legs bshad snying po, 入中论
善显密意疏, 三主要道. Coverage: 三主要道 (出离心 / 菩提心 / 清净
见), lamrim, 应成中观, 三聚戒, 闻思修, 五部大论. HARD-GATE:
NO_ESOTERIC_INSTRUCTION + NO_CROSS_SCHOOL_CONTAMINATION (don't
blend Dzogchen / Mahāmudrā into Gelug positions) +
NO_UNVERIFIED_BDRC_W_NUMBERS (descriptive guidance instead of
fabricated W-IDs; lessons-learned from v0.4 fixup).
* prebuilt/buddhaghosa/ — Buddhaghosa (5th century). 上座部
commentarial summit. Sources: PTS Vism + four Nikāya aṭṭhakathā
+ Samantapāsādikā (Vinaya) + Atthasālinī (Abhidhamma). Coverage:
戒定慧三学, 四十种业处, 七清净十六观智, 缘起十二支 (three-life-
two-causations interpretation), 阿毗达摩 paramattha vs paññatti,
六义诠释 commentarial method. HARD-GATE:
NO_MAHAYANA_CONTAMINATION + NO_MAHAVIHARA_PRIMACY_OVERSTATEMENT.
* prebuilt/mahasi-sayadaw/ — Mahāsi Sayādaw U Sobhana (1904-1982).
Burmese Vipassanā tradition / Mahasi Method. Sources: Manual of
Insight (Wisdom Publications 2016) + Progress of Insight (BPS
Sri Lanka Wheel No. 280) + Practical Vipassanā Meditation
Exercises (Mahasi Sasana Yeiktha) + SC + PTS Vism. Coverage:
标记法 Noting Method, 腹部起伏 rising-falling primary object,
七清净十六观智 progress, khaṇika-samādhi & vipassanā-jhāna,
'初果可证' ethos, MN 10 Satipaṭṭhāna foundation. HARD-GATE:
NO_FABRICATED_QUOTES + **NO_ATTAINMENT_JUDGMENT** (the strictest
guardrail in this release — Mahasi's stages-of-insight framework
is famous for inducing self-attainment delusions; AI is forbidden
from confirming any individual's observed jhāna stage / fruition).
Each master ships the standard v0.3 progressive-disclosure shape:
SKILL.md (decision tree + HARD-GATE + Quick Reference) + meta.json +
references/{voice,teaching}.md + sources/INDEX.md + ≥1 excerpts file
+ tests/fidelity.jsonl with 12-13 cases each.
ETHICS updates
--------------
* Tier A grows from 9 → 12: Atiśa (>970yr), Tsongkhapa (>600yr),
Buddhaghosa (>1500yr) all join based on age + open-canon sourcing.
* Tier B 特例 grows from 1 → 2: Mahasi Sayadaw codified under same
Forest-Sangha-style rationale as Ajahn Chah, with explicit
NO_ATTAINMENT_JUDGMENT addendum specific to his lineage's risks.
* Sectarian-judgment policy explicit extension: covers Theravāda
intra-tradition meditation lineages (Mahasi vs Pa-Auk vs Goenka
vs Thai Forest) — no superiority claims permitted.
compare-masters meta-skill
--------------------------
prebuilt/compare/SKILL.md updated:
* 可用祖师 table now lists all 15 masters by tradition.
* Topic mapping fallback table extended with rows pairing the new
masters: 中观 (kumarajiva + tsongkhapa), 道次第 (atisha +
tsongkhapa), 心识 (xuanzang + buddhaghosa + huineng), 戒律
(xuyun + atisha + buddhaghosa), 禅修方法 (buddhaghosa + mahasi
+ ajahn-chah), 七清净 (buddhaghosa + mahasi), 论师风格 (xuanzang
+ tsongkhapa + buddhaghosa), 三大传统对比 (huineng + tsongkhapa
+ buddhaghosa).
* New cross-tradition guardrails: don't blend traditions (don't
project Gelug positions onto Atiśa's era; don't put Mahāmudrā
into Gelug; don't put Tathāgatagarbha into Theravāda).
Surface bumps
-------------
* All 4 plugin manifests + package.json + gemini-extension.json
bumped 0.4.0 → 0.5.0 with description updated to "15 prebuilt
masters".
* SKILL.md (project-level) preset list expanded to 8/3/3.
* README.md + README_EN.md: situational guidance table extended
with cross-tradition rows for the 4 new entries; new master cards
added with provenance notes; v0.5 release banner appended above
v0.4 banner.
Validation
----------
* python scripts/validate.py --strict → ✅ 15 masters pass
* python scripts/validate-fidelity.py → ✅ all valid
* python scripts/test-fidelity.py --all --dry-run → ✅
* pytest tests/ → ✅ 31 passed, 6 skipped
Notes
-----
* fojin_text_ids=[] for new masters — FoJin DB still hasn't imported
BDRC Tibetan canon nor PTS Vism / SuttaCentral Pali full text;
RAG falls back to the global corpus and each prompt explicitly
notes this.
* The two Tibetan masters intentionally use descriptive BDRC
guidance ("BDRC: 见宗喀巴 gsung 'bum") rather than fabricated
W-numbers, applying lessons learned from the v0.4 fixup where
W29193 was mistakenly assigned to two different works in early
drafts. Toh (Tohoku) numbers are kept where they're well-attested
in 藏学界 (Toh 4465 for Bodhipathapradīpa).
* CompanionPRs in xr843/fojin (#507 + #508) already synchronized
the chat-mode subset of these 6 cross-tradition masters; v0.5 of
this repo brings the Master-skill side to parity.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
200 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
200 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
# 马哈希尊者公开开示集选段
|
||
|
||
> ⚠️ **重要说明(引用规范)**:本文件中所有 `>` blockquote 块**均为开示主旨之中文转述**,非马哈希尊者本人话语的逐字翻译重排。引用本文件内容时必须冠以"(开示要旨)"或"(开示主旨)",不得作为直接引语呈现。原文请参阅 SuttaCentral / Mahasi Sasana Yeiktha / BPS Sri Lanka / Wisdom Publications 官方译本。本规则由 SKILL.md HARD-GATE `NO FABRICATED QUOTES` 强制。
|
||
>
|
||
> 来源:Wisdom Publications《Manual of Insight》(2016)、BPS Sri Lanka《The Progress of Insight》(Wheel No. 280, 1965)、Mahasi Sasana Yeiktha《Practical Vipassanā Meditation Exercises》(1971)。
|
||
> 引用格式:`【《<书名>》§<章节标题>】(开示要旨)`
|
||
> 中文参考:温宗堃译本系列、嘉义新雨杂志社《内观基础》。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §标记法 (Noting Method)
|
||
|
||
马哈希内观法的核心方法。以朴素的内心标记持续观察当下身心现象。
|
||
|
||
**主标记类型**:
|
||
- 身体动作:"升、降"(呼吸时腹部)、"坐、触、立、步"
|
||
- 感官:"看、听、闻、味、触"
|
||
- 心理活动:"想、想"、"妄念"、"计划"
|
||
- 情绪:"乐、苦"、"贪、嗔、喜"
|
||
- 觉受:"痒、痛、麻、冷热"
|
||
|
||
**核心原则**:
|
||
- 不评判(不分好坏)
|
||
- 不分析(不追究为什么)
|
||
- 不抑制(不压制念头)
|
||
- 持续(不间断的觉知)
|
||
|
||
**作用**:通过持续标记切断概念叠加(paññatti)层,直见究竟法(paramattha)层——
|
||
- 从"我在生气"
|
||
- 到"嗔心生起"
|
||
- 再到"嗔心心所与受心所之刹那生灭"
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:标记不是制造特殊状态,是清楚知道当下发生什么。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《Practical Vipassanā Meditation Exercises》§标记法导引】(开示要旨)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §腹部起伏为主所缘
|
||
|
||
传统佛教以鼻端呼吸为出入息念主所缘(巴利经典《MN 118》+《Vism》§VIII);马哈希尊者改以**腹部起伏**为主——
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:
|
||
- 腹部动作粗显易观(不像鼻端呼吸细微)
|
||
- 不易陷入禅悦定境(jhāna)——保持在 vipassanā 层
|
||
- 易快速发展毗婆舍那观智
|
||
- 适合在家居士短期密集禅修
|
||
|
||
**具体方法(仅介绍框架,不替代禅师指导)**:
|
||
1. 半莲花坐或散盘
|
||
2. 微闭目
|
||
3. 注意力放在腹部
|
||
4. 吸气时腹部起,标"升"
|
||
5. 呼气时腹部伏,标"降"
|
||
6. 妄念起时即标"想想",回到主所缘
|
||
|
||
⚠️ **本目录仅介绍方法框架**,具体修法导引必须依止具格禅师面对面学习。出现障碍(疼痛、昏沉、特殊觉受)时,禅修者必须求禅师面谈,不可自行处理。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《Manual of Insight》§II 主所缘选择】(开示要旨)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §对治散乱(妄念多怎么办)
|
||
|
||
学人常苦恼:"师父,我打坐时妄念太多,停不下来。"
|
||
|
||
马哈希尊者之核心教导——
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:妄念多不是问题,**'想消灭妄念'才是问题**。
|
||
|
||
让妄念来——只看,不参与;只观察,不评判。久之心自然安定,不是因为你压制了妄念,是因为你**停止了与妄念的战争**。
|
||
|
||
具体处理:
|
||
1. 妄念起时即刻标记"想想"或"妄念"(最多 2-3 次)
|
||
2. 回到主所缘"升、降"
|
||
3. 不评判("我又散乱了"是另一个妄念,再标)
|
||
4. 不沮丧
|
||
5. 不分析"为什么有这个妄念"
|
||
|
||
**根本原则**:'想要安静的心'本身就是干扰。让心是它当下的样子——只是觉知。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《Practical Vipassanā Meditation Exercises》§对治散乱】(开示要旨)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §正念力 = 当下不间断标记
|
||
|
||
马哈希尊者强调**正念之要在持续**(continuity)——
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:
|
||
- 一切'想要某种状态'/'抗拒某种感受'本身亦应标记之
|
||
- 散乱时也要知道散乱——这本身就是正念
|
||
- 持续的力 (ātāpī sampajāno satimā,'热忱、正知、正念',《MN 10》经文核心) 是关键
|
||
|
||
修行人常犯一个错误:把"打坐时心很平静"当做正念,把"心散乱"当做没正念。其实——
|
||
|
||
- 心平静时,知道心平静——这是正念
|
||
- 心散乱时,知道心散乱——这也是正念
|
||
- 想消灭散乱、刻意制造平静——这反而**不是**正念,是欲爱(taṇhā)的另一种表现
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:正念是镜子,不是过滤器。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《Manual of Insight》§正念力】+【SC: MN 10 / Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta】(开示要旨 + SuttaCentral)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §刹那定 (khaṇika-samādhi) 与毗婆舍那禅那
|
||
|
||
**刹那定**与传统'安止定'(即四禅 rūpa-jhāna,要求心稳定数小时不动摇)不同——
|
||
|
||
刹那定是"心在每一刻所缘上稳定不散"的定,每一刻都有定,但不入禅那的深层吸收。
|
||
|
||
**毗婆舍那禅那 (vipassanā-jhāna)**:行舍智阶段(saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇa)所生**'刹那定'累积**——可作为毗婆舍那观智之依止,无需先证四色界禅。
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:让没有四禅功夫的在家居士也能有效修内观——这是马哈希内观法风行全球的关键。
|
||
|
||
⚠️ **学术分歧**:部分上座部学者(特别是帕奥派 Pa-Auk Sayadaw)认为此立场对'禅那'之定义有别于传统。本平台不论高下——契机不同的修持路径。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《The Progress of Insight》§Equanimity about Formations】+【《Manual of Insight》§II 刹那定章】(开示要旨)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §十六观智次第(依《Vism》)
|
||
|
||
马哈希尊者完全采用觉音《清净道论》§XX–XXII 的十六观智体系。
|
||
|
||
**关键阶段**:
|
||
1. **名色分别智** — 见名色(nāma-rūpa)非我
|
||
2. **缘摄受智** — 见名色之缘起
|
||
3. **思惟智** — 思维三法印
|
||
4. **生灭智** — 直观一切现象之刹那生灭(**重要里程碑**)
|
||
5. **坏灭智** — 只见灭,不见生(行人易生苦受)
|
||
6. **怖畏智** — 一切行如怖畏之地
|
||
7. **过患智** — 一切行皆是苦
|
||
8. **厌离智** — 厌离一切行
|
||
9. **欲解脱智** — 求解脱之愿
|
||
10. **审察智** — 重新审察三法印
|
||
11. **行舍智** — 对一切行平等舍(**第二个重要里程碑**)
|
||
12. **随顺智**
|
||
13. **种姓智** — 凡夫到圣者之转变
|
||
14. **道智** — 证四果之关键
|
||
15. **果智**
|
||
16. **省察智**
|
||
|
||
⚠️ **本平台 AI 不得对个体作观智阶位判定**——印证须由具格禅师面对面访谈鉴定。这是马哈希教学体系最严肃的 guardrail。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《The Progress of Insight (Visuddhiñāṇa-kathā)》】+【《Visuddhimagga》§XX–XXII】(开示要旨 + PTS Vism)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §'初果可证'(密集禅修号召)
|
||
|
||
马哈希尊者之根本号召——
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:具足戒、密集禅修(每日 12-14 小时正念)、具格禅师指导下,在家居士可于数周至数月内证须陀洹(初果 sotāpanna)。
|
||
|
||
把上座部修行从'数十年实修'拉回到'数月可证'的实践范围——这是马哈希内观法风行全球的根本号召。
|
||
|
||
**前提条件**(缺一不可):
|
||
- 戒律清净(八戒或十戒)
|
||
- 密集禅修(30+ 天、每日 12-14 小时)
|
||
- 具格禅师指导
|
||
- 适当根性
|
||
|
||
⚠️ **本平台 AI 不得对个体作证果判定**。"初果可证"是结构性号召,不是 AI 给个体颁发的证书。学人若觉受似初果,必须求具格禅师面谈鉴定。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【《Manual of Insight》序及多处】(开示要旨)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## §经文依据:《MN 10 / Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta》
|
||
|
||
马哈希内观法以四念处经为根本经典依据。
|
||
|
||
经文核心:
|
||
|
||
> "诸比丘,此一行道,能令众生清净、超越愁悲、灭除苦忧、得正理、证涅槃,所谓四念处。何为四?比丘于身观身、于受观受、于心观心、于法观法,热忱(ātāpī)、正知(sampajāno)、正念(satimā),远离世间贪忧。"
|
||
|
||
**四念处全面观察**:
|
||
- **身念处**:呼吸、行住坐卧、身体三十二分、四界、墓地九相
|
||
- **受念处**:乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受
|
||
- **心念处**:心有贪/离贪、有嗔/离嗔等
|
||
- **法念处**:五盖、五蕴、六入处、七觉支、四圣谛
|
||
|
||
**主旨**:以系统的觉知练习直接通向涅槃;马哈希内观法以此为禅修核心。
|
||
|
||
> 出处:【SC: MN 10 / Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta】+【SC: DN 22 / Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta】(SuttaCentral)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## ⚠️ 引用警示
|
||
|
||
- 本目录所收录皆为开示集**主旨摘要**,非逐字英译重排
|
||
- 引用时应注明"开示要旨"或"开示主旨",避免逐字伪造
|
||
- 凡引"马哈希尊者曾说"必须可追溯至上述 4 部公开授权出版物
|
||
- **不可将其他南传禅师的话归于马哈希尊者**(U Nārada / Pa-Auk Sayadaw / Goenka / Sayadaw U Pandita / Bhikkhu Bodhi 等)
|
||
- **不可代笔虚构"马哈希尊者问答"**——可叙述其论师风格与禅修教练风格,不可生成假对话
|
||
- **不引用整段译文**(即使可追溯也只能主旨摘要)
|
||
- 深入研究请查阅上述出版物原本,或访问 [forestsangha.org](https://forestsangha.org)、[suttacentral.net](https://suttacentral.net)、[mahasi.org.mm](https://www.mahasi.org.mm)
|